Guided Response: Review your classmate’s proposed normalized tables and discuss whether the tables are fully normalized. Suggest at least one improvement or additional step needed to normalize the tables. In addition, suggest whether or not your classmate should normalize the entity to a higher normalization form (.i.e.: 4NF or 5NF). Describe a database environment that would require normalization to a higher normal form. Explain at least one advantage and one disadvantage for normalizing to 4NF or 5NF.
Your response must be a minimum of 250 words.
Edward Crosby
Class,
According to Burdett and Bowen (2016), the normalization process, which includes First Normal Form (1NF), Second Normal Form (2NF), and Third Normal Form (3NF), is a method of organizing data in a relational database according to formal rules. These rules are designed to avoid problems that can affect the efficiency and security of accessing and maintaining the data (Burdett & Bowen, XXXXXXXXXXBelow are the steps to normailize the Grade_Report table:
Step 1: First Normal Form (1NF)
· Ensure no duplicate rows exist by creating a unique record for each entry.
· Confirm that all entries are atomic, meaning each field holds only a single value.
· Use a combination of StudentID and CourseNumber as a primary key to uniquely identify each row and maintain clear data separation.
Step 2: Second Normal Form (2NF)
· Remove partial dependencies where some data depends only on a part of the primary key.
· In this case, move attributes like StudentName, Phone, DOB, Address, and Email_Address that depend solely on StudentID to a new Student table. Similarly, isolate CourseName and DepartmentName into their respective tables based on CourseNumber and DepartmentID to reduce redundancy.
Resulting 2NF Tables:
· Student: (StudentID, StudentName, Phone, DOB, Address, Email_Address)
· Course: (CourseNumber, CourseName, DepartmentID)
· Department: (DepartmentID, DepartmentName)
· Grade_Report: (StudentID, CourseNumber, Grade)
Step 3: Third Normal Form (3NF):
· Eliminate transitive dependencies, ensuring that all non-key attributes depend solely on the primary key.
· For example, separate DepartmentName from the Course table if it only depends on DepartmentID, ensuring all data in each table directly relates to its primary key.
Final Tables in 3NF:
· Student: (StudentID, StudentName, Phone, DOB, Address, Email_Address)
· Course: (CourseNumber, CourseName, DepartmentID)
· Department: (DepartmentID, DepartmentName)
· Grade_Report: (StudentID, CourseNumber, Grade)
Once the entity is normalized to 3NF, several key issues are addressed. First, data redundancy is significantly reduced. For example, student details or department names no longer need to be repeated multiple times in different records. This not only saves storage space but also minimizes the chances of data entry e
ors.
Second, normalization resolves update anomalies. If a student’s address or contact information changes, it only needs to be updated in one place, ensuring that the information remains consistent throughout the database.
Finally, normalization improves data integrity by clearly defining relationships between tables. This ensures that all the data remains accurate and reliable, with less risk of inconsistencies or duplication. Overall, normalization makes the database more efficient, easier to manage, and maintains the accuracy of the information stored.
Sample diagram
Reference
Normal form XXXXXXXXXXIn A. Burdett & D. Bowen, BCS Glossary of Computing and ICT (14th ed.). BCS, The Chartered Institute for IT. Retrieved from https:
search.credoreference.com/articles/Qm9va0FydGljbGU6NDU2MDQ4Mw==?aid=100753
Avery Patrick
To normalize the Grade_Report entity to Third Normal Form, we need to eliminate partial and transitive dependencies. We will
eak this into several tables to acquire this.
1. Identify the Functional Dependencies
Considering the given attributes, the following functional dependencies could be outlined:
StudentID→StudentName, Phone, DOB, Address, Email_Address
CourseNumber→CourseName, DepartmentID, DepartmentName
StudentID, CourseNumber→Grade
2. Create Tables Table 1: Students
This table captures all unique information about the students.
Students (StudentID, StudentName, Phone, DOB, Address, Email_Address)
Table 2: Courses
This table captures all unique information about courses.
Courses (CourseNumber, CourseName, DepartmentID)
Table 3: Departments
This table captures the information about departments.
Departments (DepartmentID, DepartmentName)
Table 4: Grades
This table links the students with courses taken and their grades.
Grades (StudentID, CourseNumber, Grade)
3. Summary of Tables
Students
StudentID (Primary Key)
StudentName
Phone
DOB
Address
Email_Address
Courses
CourseNumber (Primary Key)
CourseName
DepartmentID(Foreign Key)
Departments
DepartmentID(Primary Key)
DepartmentName
Grades
StudentID(Foreign Key)
CourseNumber(Foreign Key)
Grade
(Primary Key: Composite of StudentID and CourseNumber)
4. Check for 3NF
First Normal Form (1NF): Each relation contains a primary key; all attributes are atomic.
Second Normal Form (2NF): There are no partial dependencies; if a table has a composite key, then every non-key attribute is fully functionally dependent on the whole key.
Third Normal Form (3NF): There must not be any transitive dependencies. In other words, for any table, all the attributes depend only on the primary keys.
In summary, the normalization process in database design involves several key stages to ensure data integrity and efficiency. First Normal Form (1NF) requires that each relation includes a primary key and that all attributes are atomic, eliminating the possibility of repeating groups. Second Normal Form (2NF) builds on this by prohibiting partial dependencies, ensuring that in tables with composite keys, every non-key attribute is fully functionally dependent on the entire key. Finally, Third Normal Form (3NF) eliminates transitive dependencies, guaranteeing that all attributes depend exclusively on the primary key. Together, these normal forms establish a robust framework for organizing relational databases, enhancing data consistency and reducing redundancy.
Guided Response:
Review your classmate’s proposed normalized
tables and discuss whether the tables are fully normalized. Suggest at
least one improvement or additional step needed to normalize the
tables. In addition, suggest whether or not your classmate should
normalize
the entity to a higher normalization form (.i.e.: 4NF or 5NF).
Describe a database environment that would require normalization to
a higher normal form. Explain at least one advantage and one
disadvantage for normalizing to 4NF or 5NF.
Your response must be a minimum of 250 words.
Edward Crosby
Class,
According to Burdett and Bowen (2016), the normalization
process, which includes First Normal Form (1NF), Second Normal Form
(2NF), and Third Normal Form (3NF), is a method of organizing data in
a relational database according to formal
ules. These rules are
designed to avoid problems that can affect the efficiency and security
of accessing and maintaining the data (Burdett & Bowen, 2016).
Below are the steps to normailize the Grade_Report table:
Step 1: First Normal Form (1NF)
·
Ensure no duplicate rows exist by creating a unique record for
each entry.
·
Confirm that all entries are atomic, meaning each field holds
only a single value.
·
Use a combination of StudentID and CourseNumber as a primary
key to uniquely identify each row and maintain clear data
separation.
Guided Response: Review your classmate’s proposed normalized
tables and discuss whether the tables are fully normalized. Suggest at
least one improvement or additional step needed to normalize the
tables. In addition, suggest whether or not your classmate should
normalize the entity to a higher normalization form (.i.e.: 4NF or 5NF).
Describe a database environment that would require normalization to
a higher normal form. Explain at least one advantage and one
disadvantage for normalizing to 4NF or 5NF.
Your response must be a minimum of 250 words.
Edward Crosby
Class,
XXXXXXXXXXAccording to Burdett and Bowen (2016), the normalization
process, which includes First Normal Form (1NF), Second Normal Form
(2NF), and Third Normal Form (3NF), is a method of organizing data in
a relational database according to formal rules. These rules are
designed to avoid problems that can affect the efficiency and security
of accessing and maintaining the data (Burdett & Bowen, 2016).
Below are the steps to normailize the Grade_Report table:
Step 1: First Normal Form (1NF)
Ensure no duplicate rows exist by creating a unique record for
each entry.
Confirm that all entries are atomic, meaning each field holds
only a single value.
Use a combination of StudentID and CourseNumber as a primary
key to uniquely identify each row and maintain clear data
separation.